Anemia affects over 1.6 billion people worldwide, but iron deficiency is not the sole cause. Various types, including vitamin deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease, hemolytic anemia, and aplastic anemia, require distinct diagnostic approaches. A comprehensive evaluation with CBC, reticulocyte count, iron studies, and vitamin B12/folate levels is essential for accurate diagnosis. Relying solely on iron supplementation can mask underlying issues, delaying appropriate tre