Night-time leg cramps are a common cause of sudden pain during sleep, especially as we age. While dehydration and magnesium are often blamed, they are not the cause in most people. Learn what science says about why these cramps happen, simple ways to reduce them, and when frequent or severe cramps should be medically evaluated.

Cholesterol remains an important marker of heart health, but it is only one part of the picture. Modern cardiovascular risk assessment considers multiple factors, including blood pressure, blood sugar, waist circumference, family history, kidney health, lifestyle habits, and, in selected individuals, newer tests such as Lipoprotein(a), ApoB, hs-CRP, and coronary artery calcium score to better estimate heart disease risk.

Inflammaging is a term used to describe the chronic, low-grade inflammation that develops with ageing. Although it often causes no symptoms, it may contribute to conditions such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, dementia, fatty liver disease, and certain cancers. Healthy lifestyle habits—including regular exercise, good nutrition, quality sleep, and stress management—can help support healthier ageing.

Brain fog is a common symptom that can make it difficult to think clearly, concentrate, or remember things. While it is often linked to poor sleep, stress, or recovery from illness, persistent brain fog may signal an underlying medical condition such as thyroid disease, vitamin B12 deficiency, iron deficiency, diabetes, or sleep apnoea. Understanding the cause is the first step toward improving mental clarity and overall health.